Cotton
What is Cotton?
Cotton is a natural fiber that comes from the seed pods of the cotton plant (Gossypium species). It is one of the most widely used and important textile materials in the world due to its softness, breathability, and versatility.
Key Characteristics of Cotton:
- Soft & Comfortable – Feels gentle on the skin, making it ideal for clothing and bedding.
- Breathable – Allows air circulation, keeping the body cool in hot weather.
- Absorbent – Can absorb moisture (like sweat) efficiently.
- Durable – Strong fiber that withstands regular washing and wear.
- Hypoallergenic – Generally safe for sensitive skin.
- Biodegradable – Unlike synthetic fibers, cotton decomposes naturally.
Uses of Cotton:
- Clothing (T-shirts, jeans, dresses, underwear, socks)
- Home textiles (bed sheets, towels, curtains, upholstery)
- Medical supplies (bandages, gauze)
- Industrial products (ropes, canvas, paper)
Types of Cotton:
- Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) – Most common (90% of global production).
- Pima Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) – Extra-long staple, softer & more luxurious.
- Egyptian Cotton – Similar to Pima, known for high quality.
- Organic Cotton – Grown without synthetic pesticides or GMOs.
How Cotton is Made:
- Planting & Growing – Cotton plants grow in warm climates.
- Harvesting – Cotton bolls (seed pods) are picked.
- Ginning – Seeds are separated from the fluffy fiber.
- Spinning – Fibers are spun into yarn.
- Weaving/Knitting – Yarn is turned into fabric.
- Dyeing & Finishing – Fabric is colored and treated for use.
Cotton is a major global commodity, with top producers including China, India, the USA, Brazil, and Pakistan. However, conventional cotton farming can be water-intensive and pesticide-heavy, leading to environmental concerns—which is why organic and sustainable cotton is becoming more popular.